25% Dextrose
- drug category: carbohydrate
- Generic name: Dextrose Inj/glucose Inj
- Contents: 25 gm Glucose per 100 ml of soln.
- dosage: In hypoglycaemic coma, 4 ampoules, are given I/V stat.
- Indications: emergency treatment of hypoglycemia
- Contraindications: Glucose- Galactose malabsorption syndrome
Sodium Bicarbonate:
- Drug category: Electrolyte
- Contents: 50ml vial containing 44.6mmol of 7.5% NaHCO3
- Dosage: It can be calculated by formula: body wt (kg) x 3/5 x 25 – Serum HCO3 mmol
- Indications: In metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis due to:
- Methanol poisoning
- Salicyclate poisoning
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Lactacidosis
- Acute/Chronic Renal Failure
- Diarrhaoe
- ammonium chloride administration
- Contraindications: Alkalosis
- Adverse effects: cerebral, peripheral and pulmonary edema, conjestive cardiac failure
Atropine
- Drug category: Anticholinergic and antispasmodic
- Generic name: Atropine inj
- Contents: 1 ml Injection
- Indications:
- Pain due to spasm
- Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
- As pre-anesthetic medication to reduce respiratory secretions.
- antidote in anticholinesterase (organic phosphate poisoning)
- For attacks of vertigo in Meniere’s Disease
- In Myocardial Infraction, to treat high grade AV block
- Contraindications:
- Closed angle glaucoma
- urinary retention
- Gastric/ duodenal ulcer
- Paralytic ileus
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Adrenaline
- Drug Category: Sympathomimetic
- Contents: 1 ml inj. (1:1000)
- Indications:
- Drug of choice for anaphylactic shock
- To restore cardiac activity in cardiac arrest
- To treat bronchospasm
- chronic open angle glaucoma
- Acts as a local vasoconstrictor. hence used in:
- to achieve hemostasis in surgery
- to reduce diffusion of local anesthetic agents away from the site of administration.
- to reduce mucous membrane congestion
- Contraindications: Hypertension, hyperthyroidism, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrythmias
- Adverse effects: Anxiety, tremors, palpitation, headache, restlessness, cardiac arrythmias, pallor, angina pectoris in susceptible individuals, pilmonary edema, sharp rise in blood pressure, tissue necrosis
Mechanism of Action:
Alpha receptors
- Act on alpha receptors present in iris, blood vessels of skin & sphincters cause constriction.
Beta 1 receptors
- Act on Beta 1 receptors present in the heart & kidney
- it causes tachycardia and increased excitability of the myocardium
- Stimulates renin release from the kidney.
Beta 2 receptors
- Act on Beta 2 receptors present in smooth muscles of the bronchi, bladder, uterus & coronary arteries it causes their relaxation and hence leads to bronchodilation, decreased bladder & uterus tone & vasodilation in coronary circulation.
DIcloran
- Drug category: Phenyl acetic acid / Analgesic
- Generic name: Diclofenac sodium
- Content: Inj. Diclofenac sodium 25 mg/ml in 3ml ampoule
- Indications:
- Acute back pain
- Post operative pain
- pain in acute trauma and fractures
- renal colic
- musculoskeletal disorder
- rheumatoid arthritis
- osteoarthritis
- ankylosing spondylitis
- acute gout
- Dosage: Adults: 75 mg inj. I/M once or twice daily by deep intragluteal inj. for a maximum of 2 days. Continue with tablets if necessary. Children: not applicable
- Contraindications: Active peptic ulcer, Asthma, Aspirin/ anti inflammatory induced allergy
- Adverse effects: transient epigastric pain, nausea, headache, rash, oedema, peptic ulcer, abnormalities of liver and kidney function.
Avil
- Drug category: Antihistamine
- Generic name: Pheniramine maleate
- Indications: Allergic conditions such as hay fever, with attacks of sneezing, itching and running of the nose, inflammation of the conjunctivae. Urticaria and eczema. anaphylactic reaction.
- Contra indications: Hypersensitivity of pheniramine, pregnancy, prostatic hypertrophy and tendency towards retention of urine. Patients with narrow angle glaucoma
- Adverse effects:
- Dryness of mouth
- Increase in Intra Ocular Pressure
- Gastro Intestinal upset
- Sedation
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